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Acosta, M., Coronado, D., Ferrándiz, E., & León, M. Specifically, as evidenced by the model coefficient, it is more likely that R&D collaborations occur among cities that are connected by high-speed railways. The econometric findings reveal that spatial, economic, technological and political bias factors do yield significant influences on the frequency of cross-city R&D collaboration. The mean collaboration intensity for intra-provincial cross-city collaborations is 4.74 however, for inter-provincial collaborations, it is 0.69. The degree of centrality shows that cross-city collaborative R&D activities mainly occur in favored regions, advanced municipalities and coastal regions. A spatial interaction model was used to examine how spatial, economic, technological and political factors affect cross-city R&D collaborations. Using the cross-sectional co-patent data of the Chinese Patent Database as a proxy for R&D collaboration, this paper investigates the spatial patterns of R&D collaborations between 224 Chinese cities and the major factors that affect cross-city R&D collaborations in China. Strengthening R&D collaboration between cities can contribute to perfectly integrating various regional innovation systems. Modern cities can play a crucial role in the national or regional innovation system. Scientific research activities cluster in cities or towns.
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